Human Trafficking Prevention Month Continued

Since it is National Human Trafficking Awareness and Prevention month, as I mentioned in a previous post, I would like to continue sharing about trafficking in my own back yard. This news report sheds some light on the problem as it is growing and changing today:

http://www.nbcbayarea.com/on-air/as-seen-on/188795071.html

I find it especially heartbreaking that, as Betty Ann Boeving states, 60% - 70% of domestic trafficking victims are foster care youth. (Note: the phrase "domestic trafficking victims" here refers to trafficked individuals whose trafficking experiences originate in the United States, so these statistics would not include individuals who were brought to the U.S. from other countries.) Foster youth are much more likely to run away or may not have anywhere to go once they age out of the system. They are vulnerable to being kidnapped, or more commonly, to being picked up by someone on the streets who can "protect and provide for them." I also learned during my Court Appointed Special Advocate training that LGBT youth are more likely to be in the foster care system than their non-LGBT peers, due to a variety of factors, including conflicts with family over sexual orientation. They are also often vulnerable to being "kicked out of the house" by families and are therefore at higher risk for trafficking.

This is a real problem that is truly right down the street from many of us. One thing you can do to help is to become educated about the issue and keep your eyes open for anything suspicious (for example, many different men going to and from a home at all hours of the day and night - this type of observation has been how some trafficking rings have been uncovered!) If you are being trafficked, know of an instance of trafficking, or even have suspicions about something you saw, you can call the confidential Human Trafficking Resource Center hotline. You can also support organizations that are combating trafficking locally, such as the Bay Area Anti-Trafficking Coalition and the groups they work with. Or find organizations near you in other parts of the country through The Polaris Project. For additional information on international human trafficking issues, I would encourage you to check out International Justice Mission.

Human Trafficking and Slavery Prevention Month

January is National Human Trafficking and Slavery Prevention Month in the United States. In light of this, I thought it would be good to provide some additional information on what trafficking is.

What comes to mind when you hear the word "traffic?" Probably the highways on the way to your place of employment. And that would be a good start to understanding the meaning of the term "human trafficking." The word trafficking literally means the transportation of goods, and the common usage is typically for items which are intended to be used or sold illegally, although the word can also be used to describe legal trade or general commerce. For example, when someone smuggles guns into another country, we call that weapons trafficking, or when organizations transport drugs from a farm to a place of distribution, we call that drug trafficking. In the case of human trafficking, the language refers to the illicit transportation of people, and in the context of the modern day abolitionist movement, the trafficking being referred to is for the purposes of forced labor, sexual exploitation, or any other form of bondage. In other words, human trafficking is modern day slavery.

In recent years, the word trafficking has also been used to describe any form of slave-based commerce, even if it does not involve "moving people," including any child in the commercial sex industry. For example, in Cambodia, some children have been kidnapped or purchased from other countries (like Vietnam) to be prostituted for sex with pedophiles. Yet in many other cases, parents sell their children locally for sex on a nightly basis. In the case of the former, these children have been literally "trafficked" over a border, and in the latter case, these children remain local and may even go home to their families during non-working hours, but the term "child sex trafficking" is applied to them, as well, since they do not have the autonomy to make the decision not to engage in commercial sex work. For more information on child sex trafficking in Cambodia, visit www.agapewebsite.org, or read about my trip to Cambodia this summer here and here.

Adult men and women can also be forced into prostitution. For example, in Eastern Europe, one common tactic is for traffickers to recruit women for employment as waitresses or hostesses in other countries, only to sell them to brothels upon their arrival in the destination country. They are either physically locked up or are kept in brothels through other coercive means. These women are forced to perform sex work until they can pay off their travel and housing expenses, or are not given a future "out" at all.

Human trafficking occurs not only in the form of forced prostitution, however, but also in forced labor. For example, families may migrate from a poor rural area in search of employment and end up working in a factory under dangerous and threatening conditions. One way this can occur is through bonded labor, when families borrow money from a factory owner for initial expenses or food, but the system is set up such that their wages will never be enough to pay back the money owed, and they are therefore never able to leave. Often, the working conditions, hours worked, etc. are extremely unhealthy, and there may be a threat of violence if they try to escape. Some of the workers may be children.

Calimlim home, valued at $1.2M
http://www.jsonline.com/news/
waukesha/29322709.html

This can also occur with domestic or farm labor. A young man or woman may be promised a job on a farm, cleaning a home, or watching a family's children, but upon arrival, may be forced to work without pay and under the threat of violence. If they have been taken to work in another country, their passports will usually be held by their captors. With the threat of violence, no money, no identification, no network of friends or family, the threat of jail and deportation upon escape (whether real or made up by their employers), perhaps even little knowledge of their location or the native language, they are held in bondage. In 2009, for example, a Wisconsin husband and wife, both of whom were medical doctors, were prosecuted for bringing nineteen-year-old Erma Martinez to the United States from the Philippines in 1985 and forcing her to work in their home for years. According to the Department of Justice, "The victim testified that for nineteen years, she was hidden in the Calimlim's home, forbidden from going outside and told that she would be arrested, imprisoned and deported if she was discovered."

Erma Martinez
http://www.jsonline.com/news/
waukesha/29322709.html

Many countries have laws against human trafficking and slavery, yet little enforcement. Consider the dysfunction in the enforcement of even simple laws in some countries or cities. Have you ever driven in a city where there is no one enforcing driving laws, such that cars careen through intersections and veer in and out of lanes in a haphazard way? Similarly, in some places, there are often few, if any, officers enforcing human trafficking laws, or there may be corruption and bribes hindering the enforcement.

Trafficking is not something that occurs exclusively in foreign countries, however, as evidenced by the story of domestic servitude above. Nearby my own place of residence, San Francisco is considered one of the largest centers for sex trafficking in the world, with many massage parlors secretly operating as locales of forced prostitution. These businesses use a variety of methods to evade the law. Because trafficking is primarily "underground," it is unknown how many victims actually exist. According to a 2006 article in the San Francisco Chronicle, "Although it's not known how much money the San Francisco market generates for sex traffickers, federal agents confiscated $2 million in cash from 10 Asian massage parlors during a San Francisco raid in summer 2005."

Here is another excerpt from the 2006 article. (Note that these specific facts may be different by 2013, but this gives you an idea of the scope of the problem):

There are at least 90 massage parlors in San Francisco where sex is for sale, according to the online sex Web site myredbook.com. The site has been around since 1997 and has more than 55,000 reviews of Northern California sex workers. It is used by johns, yet is also a main monitoring tool for law enforcement. On average, there are about eight women working in a massage parlor, police say. That would mean more than 700 Asian sex masseuses working in San Francisco, based on 90 illicit parlors listed on sex Web sites and on police interviews. 

But the scope of sex trafficking in San Francisco is much larger -- women are also forced to work as escorts, outcall girls, erotic dancers and street prostitutes. Women are also placed in "AAMPs" -- Asian apartment massage parlors -- which are little more than apartments rented by traffickers who staff them with one or two sex workers. Business is done by word of mouth, and only customers approved by the owner are allowed in. 

Police in Livermore, Concord, San Mateo and Santa Clara have all found residential Asian brothels in their neighborhoods in 2004 and 2005.

One of the difficulties is that a brothel cannot be shut down unless money is proven to have changed hands for sex services, which may be difficult to show. Even the simple fact that someone is seen by an undercover officer in the middle of performing a sex act is not enough to demonstrate a commercial exchange. The massage parlor can be cited for other infractions, such as providing housing in a commercial building or inadequate ventilation, but that is only a short deterrent. Furthermore, it is difficult to prosecute traffickers, because women are often told by their captors that they will go to jail for confessing to prostitution (even forced prostitution) or for being in the country illegally. Sometimes the doors are not even technically "locked," but the threat of violence is so severe that women feel they have no choice but to stay. Jurors may have trouble understanding why a woman did not just walk out. Women are often too afraid of their traffickers to testify, and indeed, some who have testified in the past have disappeared, had their families threatened, or been maimed at a later time. Many of these "massage parlors" end up paying trivial fines for trivial violations and continue running.

One of the more detailed accounts I have read regarding this issue is the four-part series/special report, "Diary of a Sex Slave" in the San Francisco Chronicle. The first part of the report is the article quoted above. The full series details the increase in trafficking in the Bay Area and the specific account of a South Korean college student, You Mi Kim, who was trafficked to San Francisco and forced into sex work. If you have time, I would highly recommend reading parts one, two, three, and four. They are challenging readings and complicated by You Mi Kim's culpability in her initial financial difficulties from credit card debt, but the deception that led her to originally believe she would be working in a non-sexual industry represents the harsh reality for millions of people worldwide.

To learn more about personal stories and work being done on human trafficking in the Bay Area, consider attending the Freedom Summit in Fremont, CA January 25-26, 2013. Register here!

I believe that human trafficking is a true public health crisis affecting nearly every part of the world. I discussed a couple of ways to get involved in my previous posts about International Justice Mission's "Freedom Commons." See those posts here and here. For other ways to make a difference in the fight against trafficking and for more information on trafficking resources in your specific state, check out The Polaris Project.

Final (Belated) Cambodia Update

Letter co-written by Matthew & Kristen Campbell

Dear Friends,

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year from the Bay Area! We wanted to (finally) write to give an update about our trip to Cambodia this past summer. We really appreciate your prayers and support and want to let you know about how God is working in Cambodia and in us.

Our experiences on this twelve-day trip included some light-hearted ones in which we experienced some interesting aspects of Cambodian culture, and others which broke our hearts as we learned about some of Cambodia’s violent history.  On a lighter cultural note, we both tried fried tarantula (Matthew popped a whole spider in his mouth just like the picture of our friend Mark to the left!), and we each had a bite of durian cake, which is made from a notoriously stinky fruit. We also learned how silk is made by hand!

Perhaps the deepest impressions, however, were left by our visits to the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum and the killing fields, as we learned that around 25%-35% of the population of Cambodia was killed during the Khmer Rouge regime of the 1970’s. At the start of the regime, all of the cities were evacuated, with people being told they could return home in a few days. In reality, families were forced into years of agricultural labor in the countryside, with the hope of developing a Communist agrarian society. Intellectuals, doctors, teachers, monks, even those who wore glasses (which were believed to represent education, wealth, or elitism), as well as anyone who opposed the regime leader (Pol Pot), were killed as enemies of the state. At Tuol Sleng prison (a former school), people were interrogated and tortured, sometimes by soldiers as young as twelve years old, and then taken to the countryside to be brutally murdered and left in mass graves (which are known as the killing fields). Out of nearly 20,000 people that went through Tuol Sleng, there were only seven survivors. Moreover, Tuol Sleng is just one of many interrogation prisons that were located throughout the country. Many other Cambodians who were not killed directly died of disease or starvation due to harsh working and living conditions in the countryside. The individuals who lived through this experience are now the parents and grandparents of today, and we learned that this historical backdrop is an important part of understanding the problem of human trafficking in Cambodia.

So what did we actually do in Cambodia? We primarily partnered with Agape International Missions (AIM) to run “Kids’ Club” at the Rahab’s House community center in a town called Svay Pak.  This town is known to be a “destination location” for pedophiles. At Kid’s Club, we sang songs, danced, told Bible stories with puppets, and did arts and crafts with the children. We were told that five years ago, nearly every one of the of the children in Svay Pak was being trafficked (sold for prostitution).  The very community center where we were holding Kid’s Club was a former brothel of underage prostitution that AIM and International Justice Mission (IJM) helped to shut down. Today, due to the work of a variety of nonprofit organizations, children in this town are much less likely to be abused; however, more work is left to be done.  The pastor at a new church in this village knew for certain that 17 girls in attendance at Kids’ Club were being trafficked. This represents tremendous progress, yet it was still heart-breaking to know that some of the six to twelve-year-old girls sitting in front of us were being forced to have sex with adult men (many of them “sex tourists” from the West) on a nightly basis.

In addition to Kids’ Club, we had time each day to use our individual gifts to assist AIM in a variety of ways. AIM recognizes that child sex trafficking is a complex issue requiring a multi-faceted solution, so they have a wide variety of ministries attacking the problem. For example, AIM runs a gym where pimps and traffickers can mingle with aid workers. As a result, some of these pimps and traffickers have renounced their former ways and are helping to turn other perpetrators around. Some of the men from our team got to spend time at the gym with the traffickers and have conversations with them.

Another important aspect of AIM’s ministry is the development of fair trade factories that provide formerly trafficked women (once they are sixteen years or older) with training in a trade.  One of the problems with child sex trafficking is that those who are rescued may feel that they have no skills besides prostitution, and ultimately believe they have no choice but to return to sex work for “good pay” or find work in a sweat shop for insufficient income. AIM is providing an alternative by opening factories that pay fair wages and provide a work environment which is much safer than most alternatives. These factories provide a living wage, family-style lunch, free child care, and one hour of education to workers each day. So far AIM has opened one factory and is aiming to have ten factories running within two years. Many members of our team had the opportunity to visit the first factory, and some members of our team used their experience in fashion design to consult on the clothing patterns being used, the methods of sewing being employed, the quality check processes, and the layout/design ideas. We also feel hopeful that over time, through both national economic change and through the education AIM is providing to the rescued women and to the children of Svay Pak, young people may have (and create) an even wider variety of economic opportunities in future. Perhaps some of the children we met will fill the vast gaps left by the Khmer Rouge regime's systematic extermination of the nation's professionals decades ago.

AIM also runs a school for grades K-12 and pays for the most promising students to attend local private schools after grade six. The students and teachers were eager to learn, and this is where we were able to help! It is a special treat for the students to attend arts classes between all of their academic study time. Matthew taught guitar classes every day for several hours, and Kristen taught a liturgical dance class. The Sunday before we left, one student played a guitar song during church, and the dance class (equal parts male and female) performed a worship dance in the Sunday service.

In between the Kids’ Club activities each day at AIM, our team also drove to several factories in the area, which manufacture bricks, to distribute clothing we had collected for the children. Some of these kids take a van to Kids’ Club every day, and they are easily identified by their extremely dirty clothing and their penchant to fall asleep, even during loud singing. These children live in one-room shacks and squalor, and many help their families make bricks in dangerous working conditions. Their joy at receiving the packages of clothing was tremendous, yet our hearts were heavy to know that their needs remain great each and every day.

Towards the end of our time in Cambodia, we had the opportunity to visit Agape Restoration Center, a home run by AIM for rescued victims of child sex trafficking. We planned a luau-themed party for the girls there, including a lunch together, nail and face painting, games, and more. It was a lot of fun, and it was very special getting to see how resilient these young women are!

Throughout the week, we also dropped in on some other organizations that are fighting trafficking in Cambodia, including Hagar International, International Justice Mission, and Bloom Asia (a cake business in Phnom Pehn—the capital city—employing formerly trafficked women). They explained some of the ongoing challenges, such as underage prostitution moving “underground” in recent years as a result of the success in shutting down child brothels. While the brothel closings show progress is being made, the underground activity is much more difficult to prosecute, and corruption remains rampant in Cambodia’s law enforcement. Despite these difficulties, we also felt encouraged as they shared about how each of their organizations is uniquely contributing to end child sex trafficking.

Overall, we feel that God showed us a lot about what He is doing in Cambodia and how much is left to be done. After returning home and pushing through traveler’s sicknesses, we have had more time to process; indeed the experience was very inspiring and eye-opening. We feel confident that God is calling us to serve abroad for about two years when Matthew finishes his graduate school program, although at this point we are still not sure in what part of the world that might be.  As part of our discerning process, our plan is to make a short-term trip to another country this coming summer. Perhaps God will ultimately point us to a new place for our longer term service, or He may send us back to Cambodia!

Our team also shared responsibilities for keeping a group blog throughout the trip, which details our daily events: http://www.mppcmission.org/trips/cambodia/2012aug/index.htm Please feel free to contact us with any questions you may have, and thank you again for your prayers and support!

In Christ,

Kristen & Matthew Campbell

Human Trafficking Hotline Flyer

A while back, I wrote about International Justice Mission's launch of the "Freedom Commons" webpage. This is a website showing steps that you as an individual can take to combat human trafficking. For example, the site provides form letters that you can send to your representatives in Congress regarding upcoming votes on trafficking-related legislation.

One thing I did recently from this site was to print out and post flyers in my community for the National Trafficking Hotline. These flyers provide information about what trafficking is and the phone number for a confidential toll-free hotline that you can call if you are a victim of trafficking or have suspicions about an instance of trafficking. Download the flyer here!

Also, after you print out the flyer and put it up, you can tag your efforts in an online interactive map here!

This is such an easy thing to do, yet it has the potential to change someone's life. So try it! Put up flyers at your workplace, church, community center, or other local establishment, and become a modern-day abolitionist!

IJM Launches "Freedom Commons"

Hi friends!

You may be interested to know that International Justice Mission (IJM) just launched a website to help us regular folks take action against human trafficking. Among the many resources on the site are opportunities to email the presidential candidates and/or your congressmen to make the issue of human trafficking a priority.

Check out the site, and please forward to others: http://freedomcommons.ijm.org/